A model created by biologist Luis Valente predicts that the rate of speciation--the rate at which new species form--on an isolated island located approximately 5,000 kilometers from the nearest mainland ________ triple the rate of speciation on an island only 500 kilometers from the mainland.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The Lion Light system, developed by Kenyan inventor Richard Turrere, consists of LED lights installed around the perimeter of livestock pastures. Powered with ________ the blinking LEDs keep lions away at night, thus protecting the livestock without risking harm to the endangered lions.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

While many video game creators strive to make their graphics ever more ________ others look to the past, developing titles with visuals inspired by the "8-bit" games of the 1980s and 1990s. (The term "8-bit" refers to a console whose processor could only handle eight bits of data at once.)

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Why are Rome’s famous concrete structures, such as the Colosseum, still standing after 2,000-plus years, when modern concrete may not even last for fifty? Scientists ________ that the secret to Roman concrete's durability was its unique blend of ingredients, which included volcanic ash and seawater.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In 1990, California native and researcher Ellen Ochoa left her position as chief of the Intelligent Systems Technology Branch at a NASA research center ________ the space agency's astronaut training program.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Botanists recognize over fifty different species of sunflower. One species, the silverleaf sunflower, ________ both an early-flowering ecotype that tends to grow in coastal areas and a late-flowering ecotype that grows inland.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

At eight paragraphs long, the preamble to the constitution of ________ country in Western Asia--is much longer than the one-paragraph preamble to the United States Constitution.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In 1453, English King Henry VI became unfit to rule after falling gravely ill. As a result, Parliament appointed Richard, Third Duke of York, who had a strong claim to the English throne, to rule as Lord Protector. Upon recovering two years later, ________ forcing an angered Richard from the royal court and precipitating a series of battles later known as the Wars of the Roses.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A member of the Cherokee Nation, Mary Golda Ross is renowned for her contributions to NASA's Planetary Flight Handbook, which ________ detailed mathematical guidance for missions to Mars and Venus.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Researchers studying the "terra-cotta army," the thousands of life-size statuses of warriors found inferred near the tomb of Emperor Qin Shi Huang of China, were shocked to realize that the shape of each statue's ears, like the shape of each person's ears, ________ unique.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A group of ecologists led by Axel Mithofer at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Germany examined the defensive responses of two varieties of the sweet potato ________ TN57, which is known for its insect resistance, and TN66, which is much more susceptible to pests.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Known for her massive photorealistic paintings of African American figures floating or swimming in pools, Calida Garcia _______ was the logical choice to design the book cover for Ta-Nehisi Coates's The Water Dancer, a novel about an African American man who can travel great distances through water by.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In his 1963 exhibition Exposition of Music-Electronic Television, Korean American artist Nam June Paik showed how television images could be manipulated to express an artist's perspective. Today, Paik _________ considered the first video artist.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

With some 16,000 in attendance, the Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and ________ or FESTAC '77, as the event was more commonly known--became the largest pan-African event on record. FESTAC drew people from around the world to Lagos, Nigeria, for a monthlong celebration of Black and African culture-- art, scholarship, and activism.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The violins handmade in the seventeenth century by Italian craftsman Antonio Stradivari have been celebrated as some of the finest in the world. In close collaboration with musicians, Stradivari introduced changes to the shape of a traditional violin, flattening some of the instrument's curves and making ________ lighter overall.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

The 1977 play And the Soul Shall Dance depicts two Japanese American farming families in Depression-era Southern California. Critics have noted the way pioneering ________ compares the experiences of issei (Japanese nationals who emigrated to America) and nisei (their American-born children).

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In 2018, the innovative works of Congolese sculptor and architect Bodys Isek ________ were featured in City Dreams, a solo exhibition at New York's Museum of Modern Art.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In 2015, a team led by materials scientists Anirudha Sumant and Diana Berman succeeded in reducing the coefficient of friction (COF) between two surfaces to the lowest possible level--superlubricity. A nearly frictionless (and, as its name suggests, extremely slippery) state, ________

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In the novel _Things Fall Apart_ by Chinua Achebe, Okonkwo is a leader of Umuofia (a fictional Nigerian clan) and takes pride in his culture's traditions. However, when the arrival of European missionaries brings changes to Umuofia, the novel asks a central question: How ________

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In 1994, almost 200 years after the death of Wang Zhenyi, the International Astronomical ________ the contributions of the barrier-breaking 18th-century astronomer and author of "Dispute of the Procession of the Equinoxes," naming a crater on Venus after her.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In 1899, Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius developed an equation to answer a long-standing question: why do chemical reactions speed up at higher temperatures? The Arrhenius equation, named for its creator, ________ an important concept in modern chemistry.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

If you try on one of artist Nick Cave’s signature Soundsuits, you can expect to swish, rustle, or clang every time you move. Cave makes his suits out of found objects, everything from ceramic birds to broken record players. He carefully considers the sound an object makes before using ________ in a suit.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

In 1937, Chinese American screen actor Anna May Wong, who had portrayed numerous villains and secondary characters but never a heroine, finally got a starring role in Paramount Pictures' Daughter of Shanghai, a film that ________ "expanded the range of possibilities for Asian images on screen."

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

After immigrating from Mexico and obtaining U.S. citizenship, Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo entered politics, earning a reputation for being a fervent defender of Hispanic civil rights. In 1919 Larrazolo was elected governor of ________ in 1928 he became the nation's first Hispanic U.S. Senator.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

To humans, it does not appear that the golden orb-weaver spider uses camouflage to capture its ________ the brightly colored arachnid seems to wait conspicuously in the center of its large circular web for insects to approach. Researcher, Po Peng of the University of Melbourne has explained that the spider's distinctive coloration may in fact be part of its appeal.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?