In 1959, marine biologist Dr. Albert Jones founded the Underwater Adventure Seekers, a scuba diving ________ that is the oldest club for Black divers in the United States and that has helped thousands of diving enthusiasts become certified in the field.

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Bengali author Toru Dutt's _A Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields_ (1876), a volume of English translations of French poems, ________ scholars' understanding of the transnational and multilingual contexts in which Dutt lived and worked.

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Nuhād al-Ḥaddād, known as Fairuz, was one of the most beloved Lebanese singers of the twentieth century. Her broad singing repertoire-- which included traditional forms, such as the Arabic gasida and maqam, alongside modern pop and jazz styles-- earned Fairuz a timeless, cross-generational appeal, ________ her the moniker "the soul of Lebanon."

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Wanda Diaz-Merced is an astrophysicist who lost her sight when she was young. Diaz-Merced’s condition inspired her to develop software that can translate scientific data into sound. Sound-based tools ________ scientists to detect subtle patterns in data. Such patterns may not be evident in traditional graphs.

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By the time Hawaiian king Kamehameha III ________ the throne, the number of longhorn cattle, first introduced to the islands in 1793, had drastically increased, and so too had the need for paniolo (Hawalian cowboys) to manage the wild herds that then roamed throughout the volcanic terrain.

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Stomata, tiny pore structures in a leaf that absorb gases needed for plant growth, open when guard cells surrounding each pore swell with water. In a pivotal 2007 article, plant cell ________ showed that lipid molecules called phosphatidylinositol phosphates are responsible for signaling guard cells to open stomata.

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"Praise Song for the Day," Elizabeth Alexander's 2009 inaugural poem, asserts that "We cross dirt roads and highways... to see what's on the other side." Alexander's use of "we" ________ Americans' collective efforts and shared desire to seek new opportunity.

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During the English neoclassical period (1660-1789), many writers imitated the epic poetry and satires of ancient Greece and Rome. They were not the first in England to adopt the literary modes of classical ________ some of the most prominent figures of the earlier Renaissance period were also influenced by ancient Greek and Roman literature.

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Before the Erie Canal was completed in 1825, transporting goods by wagon between New York City and the Midwest took up to forty-five days and cost one hundred dollars per ton. By linking the Hudson River to Lake ________ canal reduced transport time to nine days and cut costs to six dollars per ton.

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Oglala Lakota poet Layli Long Soldier's star quilt poems offer an unusually open-ended reading experience. With _______ eight panels of text stitched together in the shape of a traditional eight-pointed Lakota star quilt, the poems present viewers with a seemingly infinite number of ways to read them.

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How do scientists determine what foods were eaten by extinct hominins such as Neanderthals? In the past, researchers were limited to studying the marks found on the fossilized teeth of skeletons, but in 2017 a team led by Laura Weyrich of the Australian Centre for Ancient DNA tried something ________ the DNA found in Neanderthals' fossilized dental plaque.

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Each year in the fall, when the weather starts to cool in the northern hemisphere, millions of North American monarch butterflies journey south. Searching for food and warmer habitats, they ________ thousands of miles--from as far north as Canada all the way down to Mexico--on this annual migration.

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Photographer Ansel Adams's landscape portraits are iconic pieces of American art. However, many of _________ of landscapes were intended not as art but as marketing; a concessions company at Yosemite National Park had hired Adams to take pictures of the park for restaurant menus and brochures.

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Inventor John Friedman created a prototype of the first flexible straw by inserting a screw into a paper straw and, using dental floss, binding the straw tightly around the ________ When the floss and screw were removed, the resulting corrugations in the paper allowed the straw to bend easily over the edge of a glass.

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If simple sugars such as ribose and glycolaldehyde ________ Earth from elsewhere and survived impact--a possibility astrophysicist Nicolle Zellner outlined in a 2020 study--the sugars could have reacted with other molecules that were already present on the planet to form the nucleotides that are the structural components of RNA and DNA.

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Journalists have dubbed Gil Scott-Heron the "godfather of rap," a title that has appeared in hundreds of articles about him since the 1990s. Scott-Heron himself resisted the godfather _________ feeling that it didn't encapsulate his devotion to the broader African American blues music tradition as well as "Bluesologist," the moniker he preferred.

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In 1930, Japanese American artist Chiura Obata depicted the natural beauty of Yosemite National Park in two memorable woodcuts: Evening at Carl Inn and Lake Basin in the High Sierra. In 2019, _________ exhibited alongside 150 of Obata's other works in a single-artist show at the Smithsonian American Art Museum.

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Winding through the ice atop Norway’s Jotunheim Mountains is the Lendbreen pass, an ancient route that was used by hunters, farmers, traders, and travelers in the Middle Ages before eventually falling into disuse. Recently, archeologists have ________ knives, horseshoes, wool tunics, and thousands of other artifacts from the icy pass.

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A second-generation Japanese American, Wataru Misaka ________ in World War II (1941-45) and won two amateur national basketball championships at the University of Utah when he joined the New York Knicks for the 1947-48 season, becoming the first non-white basketball player in the US’s top professional league.

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Award-winning cinematographer James Wong Howe was known for his innovative filming techniques. While filming a boxing match for the movie Body and Soul ________ Howe had a handheld camera operator wear roller skates. This allowed the operator to move smoothly around actors in a boxing ring, creating an immersive experience for viewers.

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In many of her landscape paintings from the 1970s and 1980s, Lebanese American artist Etel Adnan worked to capture the essence of California's fog-shrouded Mount Tamalpais region through abstraction, using splotches of color to represent the area's features. Interestingly, the triangle representing the mountain itself ________ among the few defined figures in her paintings.

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Lucía Michel of the University of Chile observed that alkaline soils contain an insoluble form of iron that blueberry plants cannot absorb, thus inhibiting blueberry growth. If these plants were grown in alkaline soil alongside grasses that aid in iron solubilization, _________ Michel was determined to find out if the blueberries could thrive.

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Quantum particles of light--photons--provide an unhackable means of transmitting encryption keys over networks, as attempts to observe particles in quantum states will invariably alter the particles ________ dismantle any information they transmit.

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Fans of science fiction will _________ multiple references to classic sci-fi stories in Janelle Monae's song lyrics, including her recurring nods to the plot of the 1927 sci-fi film Metropolis.

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Former First Lady of the United States Eleanor Roosevelt and Indian activist and educator Hansa Mehta were instrumental in drafting the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a document that ________ the basic freedoms to which all people are entitled.

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