In assessing the films of Japanese director Akira Kurosawa, ________ have missed his equally deep engagement with Japanese artistic traditions such as Noh theater.

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In the historical novel The Surrender Tree, Cuban American author Margarita Engle uses poetry rather than prose ________ the true story of Cuban folk hero Rosa La Bayamesa.

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Objects ranging from the Kikkoman soy sauce bottle to the Yamaha VMAX motorcycle to the Komachi bullet train ________ designed by twentieth-century industrial designer Kenji Ekuan.

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As British scientist Peter Whibberley has observed, “the Earth is not a very good timekeeper.” Earth’s slightly irregular rotation rate means that measurements of time must be periodically adjusted. Specifically, an extra "leap second" (the 86,401st second of the day) is ________ time based on the planet's rotation lags a full nine-tenths of a second behind time kept by precise atomic clocks.

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In discussing Mary Shelley's 1818 epistolary novel Frankenstein, literary theorist Gayatri Spivak directs the reader's attention to the character of Margaret Saville. As Spivak points out, Saville is not the protagonist of Shelley's ________ as the recipient of the letters that frame the book's narrative, she's the "occasion" of it.

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Working from an earlier discovery of Charpentier's, chemists Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna--winners of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry--re-created and then reprogrammed the so-called "genetic scissors" of a species of DNA-cleaving bacteria ________ a tool that is revolutionizing the field of gene technology.

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A subseasonal weather forecast attempts to predict weather conditions three to four weeks in ________ its predictions are therefore more short-term than those of the seasonal forecast, which attempts to predict the weather more than a month in advance.

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Researcher Lin Zhi developed a process for increasing the tensile strength--measured in gigapascals, or GPa--of silkworm ________ dissolving and reweaving the silk in a solution of iron metal ions, zinc, and sugar, Zhi increased the amount of force required to stretch it from approximately 0.5 GPa to 2 GPa.

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In 2018, a team of researchers led by Dr. Caitlin Whalen compiled every available measurement of ocean mixing rates from the past two decades. With this novel data set, the team was able to determine how current-driven mixing varies across ________ and what impact it has on the distribution of heat and nutrients in the ocean.

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Midway through her 1968 jazz album A Monastic Trio, Alice Coltrane switches instruments, swapping the piano for the harp. With the same fluid style that Coltrane was famous for on piano, she ________ her fingers across the harp strings and creates a radiant sound.

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When external forces are applied to common glass made from silicates, energy builds up around minuscule defects in the material, resulting in fractures. Recently, engineer Erkka Frankberg of Tampere University in Finland used the chemical ________ to make a glassy solid that can withstand higher strain than silicate glass can before fracturing.

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Public-awareness campaigns about the need to reduce single-use plastics can be successful, says researcher Kim Borg of Monash University in Australia, when these campaigns give consumers a choice: for example, Japan achieved a 40 percent reduction in plastic-bag use after cashiers were instructed to ask customers whether ________ wanted a bag.

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On July 23, 1854, a clipper ship called the Flying Cloud entered San Francisco ________ left New York Harbor under the guidance of Captain Josiah Perkins Creesy and his wife, navigator Eleanor Creesy. Having entered San Francisco Bay a mere 89 days and 8 hours earlier, the celebrated ship set a record that would stand for 135 years.

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Emperor Ashoka ruled the Maurya Empire in South Asia from roughly 270 to 232 BCE. He is known for enforcing a moral code called the Law of Piety, which established the sanctity of animal ________ the just treatment of the elderly, and the abolition of the slave trade.

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The artistic talents of Barbara Chase-Riboud, most known for her 1979 historical novel Sally Hemings and the conversation it inspired, ________ limited to the realm of prose: she first excelled in sculpture, where her affinity for bronze--a material she described as "timeless" due to its use across eras and cultures--became part of her artistic identity.

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Obsidian is a kind of volcanic glass formed when lava cools so quickly that the atoms inside it cannot arrange themselves in a crystalline structure. You ________ more about obsidian's structure, which is classified as amorphous, in a later chapter.

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In a 2016 study, Eastern Washington University psychologist Amani El-Alayli found that, among the study participants who experienced frisson (a physiological response akin to goosebumps or getting the chills) while listening to music, there was one personality trait that they scored particularly ________ openness to experience.

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In addition to advocating for South America's independence in two political treatises, the Cartagena Manifesto and the Letter from Jamaica, Simon Bolivar personally led armies against the Spanish, liberating three South American territories--New Granada (present-day Colombia and Panama), Venezuela, and Quito (present-day ________ from colonial rule.

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In the 1970s, Janaki Ammal, a prominent botanist, emerged as a powerful voice in India's environmental conservation movement. Her exhaustive chromosomal survey of plants in Silent Valley, a pristine tropical forest in Kerala, India, that is home to nearly 1,000 species of native flora (many of which are endangered), ________ instrumental in the government's decision to preserve the forest.

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Farouk El-Baz, a geologist and space scientist, ________ part of the team that selected the lunar landing sites for the Apollo program during the 1960s and 1970s.

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Beatrix Potter is perhaps best known for writing and illustrating children's books such as The Tale of Peter Rabbit (1902), but she also dedicated herself to mycology, the study of ________ more than 350 paintings of the fungal species she observed in nature and submitting her research on spore germination to the Linnean Society of London.

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Emperor penguins don't waddle out of the ocean. They launch themselves at such a high speed that they travel up to two meters before landing. How ________ A layer of microbubbles on their plumage reduces friction as the penguins speed to the surface.

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Led by Syrian American astronomer Shadia Habbal, the Solar Wind Sherpas are an intrepid team of scientists who travel the globe to study solar winds, the streams of particles emanating from the Sun that are only visible from certain locations during a total solar eclipse. When such an eclipse is imminent, the Sherpas pack up their telescopes and ________ ready.

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Atoms in a synchrotron, a type of circular particle accelerator, travel faster and faster until they ________ a desired energy level, at which point they are diverted to collide with a target, smashing the atoms.

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Formed in 1967 to foster political and economic stability within the Asia-Pacific region, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations was originally made up of five members: Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia. By the end of the 1990s, the organization ________ its initial membership.

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