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Oct 12, 2022

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Acceleration:

Definition

The rate of change of velocity of a body is called acceleration.

Artificial satellites:

Definition

Man made objects moving in fixed circular orbits around the Earth.

Atomic Physics:

Definition

The branch of Physics that deals with the study of the structure and properties of atoms

Axis of rotation:

Definition

A straight line passing through the points of a rotating rigid body while the other points of the body move in circles about the axis.

Base quantity

Definition

A quantity which can be expressed independently without the reference of any other quantity.

Base unit:

Definition

The units that describe base quantities.

Buoyant force:

Definition

The force acting on an object due to buoyancy of a liquid.

Centre of gravity:

Definition

The point of a body where its weight acts.

Centre of mass:

Definition

A point where an applied force causes the system to move without rotation.

Centripetal acceleration:

Definition

Accelereation produced by the centripetal force.

Coefficient of linear expansion:

Definition

Change in unit length caused by unit kelvin change in temperature.

Centrifugal force:

Definition

According to Newton's third law of motion, there exists a   reaction to the centripetal force. The centripetal reaction that pulls the string outward is sometimes called the centrifugal force.

Centripetal force: 

Definition

The force which keeps the body moving in a circular path is called the centripetal force and is given by:

$F_{c}=\frac{mv^{2}}{r}$

Circular motion:

Definition

The motion of a body moving along a circular path is called circular motion. 

Coefficient of volume expansion

Definition

Change in unit volume caused by unit kelvin change in temperature.

Components of a force:

Definition
Some forces when added give the resultant force

Conduction:

Definition

Transfer of heat due to interaction of electrons or molecules.

Convection:

Definition

Transfer of heat by actual movement of molecules from a hot place to a cold place is known as convection.

Couple:

Definition

When two equal and unlike parallel forces act at different points of a body they constitute a couple.

Deceleration:

Definition

Negative acceleration.

Density:

Definition

Density is the ratio of mass to volume of a substance. The density of water is 
$1000 kgm^{-3}$. 

Derived quantity:

Definition

Such quantity which is expressed with reference to base quantities.

Derived units:

Definition

The units used to measure derived quantities.

Displacement:

Definition

The shortest distance between two points.

Distance:

Definition

Length of a path between two points.

Dynamics:

Definition

Study of motion of bodies under the action of forces.

Efficiency:

Definition

The ratio of the useful work done by a device or machine to the total energy taken up by it is called its efficiency.

Effort arm:

Definition

The intermediate distance between fulcrum and effort.

Effort moment:

Definition

Product of effort and effort arm.

Effort:

Definition

Force applied on the machine.

Elastic potential energy:

Definition

Energy of a compressed or strtched spring.

Elasticity modulus:

Definition

Ratio of stress and strain.

Elasticity: 

Definition

The property of matter by which matter resists any force which tries to change its length, shape, or volume is called elasticity.

Electromagnetism:

Definition

The branch of physics deals with the study of the charges at rest and in motion, their effects, and their relationship with magnetism.

Force of gravitation:

Definition

The force due to which everybody in the universe attracts every other body.

Equilibrium:

Definition

A state where acceleration of a body is zero.

Evaporation:

Definition

The changing of a liquid into vapors from the surface of the liquid without heating it.

Field force:

Definition

The gravitational pull of the Earth acts on the body whether the body is in contact with the Earth or not.

Force of gravitation:

Definition

The force due to which everybody in the universe attracts every other body.

Force:

Definition

The agent that changes or tends to change the state of a body.

Fulcrum:

Definition

The point around which earth revolves.

Geophysics:

Definition

The branch of physics deals with the study of the internal structure of the Erath and tectonic plate motions etc.

Gravitational acceleration:

Definition

Acceleration is due to the gravity of the Earth.

Gravitational field strength:

Definition

The gravitational force per unit mass.

Gravitational field:

Definition

The field is a region in space in which a particle would experience a gravitational force.

Gravitational force:

Definition

Mutual force of attraction between the objects.

Gravitational potential energy: 

Definition

Energy of a body due to its position in the gravitatinal field.

Heat capacity:

Definition

The quantity of thermal energy absorbed by a body for increase in its temperature.

Heat:

Definition

The branch of physics deals with the nature of heat modes of transfer of heat and effects of heat.

Horizontal component:

Definition

The component of a force is along horizontal or x-direction.

Inertia:

Definition

The characteristic of a body resists any change in its state of rest or motion.

Input:

Definition

A work which is done on the machine.

Internal energy:

Definition

The sum of K.E and P.E is associated with the atoms, molecules, and particles of a body.

Isolated system:

Definition

A group of interacting bodies on which no force is acting.

Joule:

Definition

The amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a body through one meter in the direction of the force.

Kilowatt-hour:

Definition

Work done in one hour at a rate of one kilowatt.

Kinematics:

Definition

Study of motion of bodies without taking into consideration the mass and forces.

Kinetic energy:

Definition

The energy of a body is due to its motion.

Kinetic friction:

Definition

Friction during motion.

Latent heat of fusion:

Definition

The heat required by a unit mass of a substance at its melting point to change it from a solid state to a liquid state is called the latent heat of fusion.

Latent heat of vaporization:

Definition

The quantity of heat required by the unit mass of a liquid at a certain constant temperature to change its state completely from a liquid into a gas is called the latent heat of vaporization.

Light year:

Definition

The unit of distance for celestial bodies equal to $9.46 \times 10^{16}$ m 

Light:

Definition

The branch of physics deals with the physical aspects of light and its properties: working and uses of optical instruments.

Like parallel forces:

Definition
Forces acting along parallel lines in the same direction.
 

Limiting friction:

Definition

The maximum value of static function.

Line of action of a force:

Definition
The line along which a force acts.
 

Linear motion:

Definition

The motion of a body along a straight line.

Load arm:

Definition

The intermediate distance between fulcrum and load.

Load moment:

Definition

Product of load and load arm.

Load:

Definition

Resistance or lifted weight.

Mass:

Definition

The characteristic of a body determines the acceleration produced by the application of a force.

Mechanical advantage:

Definition

Ratio of load and effort.

Mechanics:

Definition

The branch of physics deals with the motion of objects, causes, and effects of motion.

Moment arm:

Definition

The perpendicular distance between the axis of rotation and the line of action of the force.

Momentum:

Definition

The product of mass and velocity of a body.

Motion:

Definition

If a body changes its position with respect to its surroundings.

Negative vector:

Definition

A vector which has the same magnitude but opposite direction of another vector.

Neutral equilibrium:

Definition

The condition of a body in which its center of gravity neither rises nor becomes lower than its original position after being disturbed.

Nuclear physics:

Definition

The branch of physics deals with the [properties and behavior of nuclei and the particles within the nuclei.

Orbital velocity:

Definition

The critical velocity of a satellite to keep on moving around the Earth at a specific height.

Output:

Definition

A work which is done by the machine.

Parallel force:

Definition

The forces which are parallel to each other.

Perpendicular components:

Definition

The components of a force are mutually perpendicular to each other.

Physical quantities:

Definition

All measureable quantities.

Plasma Physics:

Definition

The branch of physics deals with the study of production, and properties of the ionic state of the matter-the fourth state of matter.

Position:

Definition

Position means the location of a certain place or object from a reference point.

Physics:

Definition

Physics is a branch of science that deals with matter, energy and their relationship.

Potential energy:

Definition

The energy possessed by a body due to its position.

Power: 

Definition

Power is defined as the rate of doing work. 

Prefixes:

Definition

The words or letters added before a unit and stand for the multiples or sub-multiples of that unit are known as prefixes. For example, kilo, mega, million, micro, etc.

Pressure:

Definition

Pressure is the normal force acting per unit area. Its SI unit is $Nm ^{-2}$ or pascal (Pa). 

Radiation:

Definition

Transfer of heat by infra-red radiators requires no medium for their transmission.

Random motion:

Definition

Motion without any consideration of time and direction.

Rate of flow of heat:

Definition

The amount of heat that flows in unit time.

Resolution of a force:

Definition

Splitting up of a force into its components

Rest:

Definition

If a body does not change its position with respect to its surroundings.concerning

Resultant force: 

Definition

The sum of two or more forces is called the resultant force.

Retardation:

Definition

Negative acceleration.

Rolling Friction: 

Definition

Rolling friction is the force of friction between a rolling body and a surface over which it rolls. Rolling friction is lesser than the sliding friction.

Rotatory friction:

Definition

The motion in which a body moves around an axis passing through it.

Scalars

Definition

Physical quantities which are described by their magnitude only are known as scalars. 

Scientific method:

Definition

Logical applications of arguments that explain a certain phenomenon.

Scientific notation:

Definition

The numbers are written as power or prefix of ten in which there is only one non-zero number before the decimal.

Simple machine:

Definition

A thing which helps in doing work more easily.

Significant figures

Definition

All the accurately known digits and the first doubtful digit in an expression are called significant figures. It reflects the precision of a measured value of a physical quantity.

Sliding friction:

Definition

The friction between two surfaces sliding against each other.

Sound:

Definition

The branch of physics deals with the physical aspects of sound waves.

Specific heat capacity:

Definition

The quantity of heat changes the temperature of one kilogram of mass by 1 K.

Speed

Definition

The distance traveled in any direction by a boy in unit time is called speed.

stability:

Definition

The property of a body that does not undergo any change without the application of an external agency.

Stable Equilibrium:

Definition

The condition of a body in which it comes to its original position after being disturbed.

Static friction:

Definition

The force of friction arises due to an applied external force before motion.

Strain:

Definition

The change in the shape of an object under the action of an external force.

Stress: 

Definition

Stress is the deforming force acting per unit area.

Surface tension:

Definition

The force acts along the surface of a liquid.

Temperature:

Definition

The temperature of a body is the degree of hotness or coldness of the body.

Tensile strain: 

Definition

The ratio of change of length to the original length is called tensile strain.

Tension:

Definition

The force acting along a string.

Thermal conductivity: 

Definition

The rate of flow of heat across the opposite faces of a meter cube maintained at a difference of 1 K is called the thermal conductivity of the material of the cube.

Thermometers: 

Definition

Thermometers are made to measure the temperature of a body of places

Trigonometric ratios:

Definition

The ratios of the slides of a right-angled triangle.

Translatory motion:

Definition

The motion of a body when it moves along a line without rotation.

Thermal equilibrium

Definition

The property of a system is when all parts of the system have the same temperature along with its surrounding.

Torque:

Definition

The capacity of a force to rotate a body.

Uniform acceleration: 

Definition

A body has uniform acceleration if it has equal changes in its velocity in equal intervals of time, however small the interval may be.

Uniform speed: 

Definition

If the speed of a body does not change with time then its speed is uniform.

Uniform velocity: 

Definition

If a body covers equal displacements in equal intervals of time, however small the interval may be, then its velocity is said to be uniform.

Unlike parallel forces:

Definition

Forces that are parallel but have direction opposite to each other.

Unstable equilibrium: 

Definition

If a body does not return to its previous position when set free after a slight tilt is said to be in unstable equilibrium.

Vectors: 

Definition

Physical quantities which are described by their magnitude and direction are known as vectors.

Velocity: 

Definition

We define velocity as the rate of change of displacement or speed in a specific direction.

Vibratory motion:

Definition

The zig-zag motion of the molecules of gases and liquids.

 Watt: 

Definition

1. The power of a body is one watt which is doing work at the rate of one joule per second.

Weight:

Definition

The weight of a body is the force of gravity acting on it. It is a vector quantity. SI unit of weight is Newton (N). 

Work:

Definition
  1. Work is said to be done when a force acting on a body moves it in the direction of the force.
  • Work = FS
  • SI unit of work is the joule (J).

Young's modulus: 

Definition

The ratio between stress and tensile strain is called Young's modulus.